[18] αὕτη μὲν δὴ ἑκατέρων ἡ δύναμις ἐγένετο.
This then was the force of each of them [Sparta with her allies, against Athens, Thebes, Corinth, and their allies].

οἱ δὲ Βοιωτοὶ ἕως μὲν τὸ εὐώνυμον εἶχον,
The Boeotians, as long as they were having (εἶχον – IMPERF) the left wing,

οὐδέν τι κατήπειγον τὴν μάχην συνάπτειν:
[had] no urgent necessity to engage in battle: (The Lacedaimonians always took the right wing of their line, so the Boeotians didn’t want to engage them.)

ἐπεὶ δὲ οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κατὰ Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο,
but when the Athenians came against the Lacedaimonians,

αὐτοὶ δὲ τὸ δεξιὸν ἔσχον καὶ κατ᾽ Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν,
they [the Boeotians] themselves, had/took (ἔσχον – AOR) the right, and arrayed against the Achaeans,

εὐθὺς τά τε ἱερὰ καλὰ ἔφασαν εἶναι καὶ παρήγγειλαν παρασκευάζεσθαι ὡς μάχης ἐσομένης.
promptly pronounced the sacrifices to be favorable, and passed the word to prepare for a battle to begin.

καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἀμελήσαντες τοῦ εἰς ἑκκαίδεκα βαθεῖαν παντελῶς ἐποιήσαντο τὴν φάλαγγα,
And first, neglecting the (agreed-upon?) sixteen-deep formation, formed up a very deep phalanx,

ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἦγον ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιά,
and moreover, they led to the right,

ὅπως ὑπερέχοιεν τῷ κέρατι τῶν πολεμίων:
in order to outflank with their wing the enemy:

οἱ δ᾽ Ἀθηναῖοι, ἵνα μὴ διασπασθείησαν, ἐπηκολούθουν, καίπερ γιγνώσκοντες ὅτι κίνδυνος εἴη κυκλωθῆναι.
the Athenians, so as not to be separated, followed hard upon, even though knowing that there would be a danger of being encircled.

[19] τέως μὲν οὖν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι οὐκ ᾐσθάνοντο προσιόντων τῶν πολεμίων:
Thus for a while the Lacedaimonians did not perceive the attack of the enemy:

καὶ γὰρ ἦν λάσιον τὸ χωρίον:
because the ground was bushy:

ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἐπαιάνισαν, τότε δὴ ἔγνωσαν,
but when they sang the paean, then they realized it,

καὶ εὐθὺς ἀντιπαρήγγειλαν ἅπαντας διασκευάζεσθαι ὡς εἰς μάχην.
and immediately passed the order on their side for all to arm themselves for battle.

ἐπεὶ δὲ συνετάχθησαν ὡς ἑκάστους οἱ ξεναγοὶ ἔταξαν,
And when formed up as the commanders assigned them,

παρηγγύησαν μὲν ἀκολουθεῖν τῷ ἡγουμένῳ,
they gave the order to follow the leader,

ἦγον δὲ καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιά,
and the Lacedaimonians led on the right,

καὶ οὕτω πολὺ ὑπερέτεινον τὸ κέρας,
and thus, greatly extending their wing,

ὥστε τῶν Ἀθηναίων αἱ μὲν ἓξ φυλαὶ κατὰ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο,
so that of the Athenians, six divisions were against the Lacedaimonians,

αἱ δὲ τέτταρες κατὰ Τεγεάτας.
and four against the Tegeans.

[20] οὐκέτι δὲ στάδιον ἀπεχόντων,
While still a stadion apart,

σφαγιασάμενοι οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τῇ Ἀγροτέρᾳ,
the Lacedaimonians sacrificing to the Huntress (Artemis),

ὥσπερ νομίζεται, τὴν χίμαιραν,
as was their custom, a she-goat,

ἡγοῦντο ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐναντίους, τὸ ὑπερέχον ἐπικάμψαντες εἰς κύκλωσιν.
they led against those opposite, wheeling around their flank to encircle them.

ἐπεὶ δὲ συνέμειξαν,
When they engaged,

οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι σύμμαχοι πάντες οἱ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἐκρατήθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων,
all others of the allies of the Lacedaimonians were defeated by those opposite them,

Πελληνεῖς δὲ κατὰ Θεσπιέας γενόμενοι ἐμάχοντό τε καὶ ἐν χώρᾳ ἔπιπτον ἑκατέρων.
But the Pellenians, who were against the Thespians, fought and many fell in their places on both sides.

[21] αὐτοὶ δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ὅσον τε κατέσχον τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἐκράτησαν,
The Lacedaimonians themselves defeated that part of the Athenians which they covered,

καὶ κυκλωσάμενοι τῷ ὑπερέχοντι πολλοὺς ἀπέκτειναν αὐτῶν,
and encircling with their overlapping flank killed many of them,

καὶ ἅτε δὴ ἀπαθεῖς ὄντες,
and at that time being unharmed,

συντεταγμένοι ἐπορεύοντο:
proceeded in formation:

καὶ τὰς μὲν τέτταρας φυλὰς τῶν Ἀθηναίων πρὶν ἐκ τῆς διώξεως ἐπαναχωρῆσαι παρῆλθον,
and they passed by four divisions of Athenians before they had returned from the pursuit,

ὥστε οὐκ ἀπέθανον αὐτῶν πλὴν εἴ τις ἐν τῇ συμβολῇ ὑπὸ Τεγεατῶν:
so that they killed none of them except for in attack the Tegeans.

[22] τοῖς δ᾽ Ἀργείοις ἐπιτυγχάνουσιν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἀναχωροῦσι, καὶ μέλλοντος τοῦ πρώτου πολεμάρχου ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου συμβάλλειν αὐτοῖς, λέγεται ἄρα τις ἀναβοῆσαι παρεῖναι τοὺς πρώτους. ὡς δὲ τοῦτ᾽ ἐγένετο, παραθέοντας δὴ παίοντες εἰς τὰ γυμνὰ πολλοὺς ἀπέκτειναν αὐτῶν. ἐπελάβοντο δὲ καὶ Κορινθίων ἀναχωρούντων. ἔτι δ᾽ ἐπέτυχον οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ τῶν Θηβαίων τισὶν ἀναχωροῦσιν ἐκ τῆς διώξεως, καὶ ἀπέκτειναν συχνοὺς αὐτῶν.

[23] τούτων δὲ γενομένων, οἱ ἡττώμενοι τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἔφευγον πρὸς τὰ τείχη: ἔπειτα δ᾽ εἰρξάντων Κορινθίων πάλιν κατεσκήνησαν εἰς τὸ ἀρχαῖον στρατόπεδον. Λακεδαιμόνιοι δ᾽ αὖ ἐπαναχωρήσαντες, ἔνθα τὸ πρῶτον τοῖς πολεμίοις συνέμειξαν, ἐστήσαντο τροπαῖον. καὶ αὕτη μὲν δὴ ἡ μάχη οὕτως ἐγένετο.

[1] ὁ δὲ Ἀγησίλαος ἐπεὶ ἀφίκετο ἅμα μετοπώρῳ εἰς τὴν τοῦ Φαρναβάζου Φρυγίαν,
Agesilaos, when he arrived in late autumn in Pharnabazos’ Phyrgia,

τὴν μὲν χώραν ἔκαε καὶ ἐπόρθει,
put the land to fire and sword,

πόλεις δὲ τὰς μὲν βίᾳ, τὰς δ᾽ ἑκούσας προσελάμβανε.
and took the cities, some by force, some voluntarily.

[2] λέγοντος δὲ τοῦ Σπιθριδάτου ὡς εἰ ἔλθοι πρὸς τὴν Παφλαγονίαν σὺν αὐτῷ,
And when Spithradates (a Persian exile) said that if he came to Paphlagonia with him,

τὸν τῶν Παφλαγόνων βασιλέα καὶ εἰς λόγους ἄξοι καὶ σύμμαχον ποιήσοι,
he would bring the king of Paphlagonia to a conference and make him an ally,

προθύμως ἐπορεύετο, πάλαι τούτου ἐπιθυμῶν, τοῦ ἀφιστάναι τι ἔθνος ἀπὸ βασιλέως.
enthusiastically he went, for this was a long-held desire, to pull away a nation from the [Persian] king.

[3] ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀφίκετο εἰς τὴν Παφλαγονίαν,
And when he arrive in Paphlagonia,

ἦλθεν Ὄτυς καὶ συμμαχίαν ἐποιήσατο:
Otys came and made an alliance:

καὶ γὰρ καλούμενος ὑπὸ βασιλέως οὐκ ἀνεβεβήκει.
for he had been summoned by the king and had not gone up.

πείσαντος δὲ τοῦ Σπιθριδάτου κατέλιπε τῷ Ἀγησιλάῳ Ὄτυς
At the urging of Spithradates, Otys left behind for Agesilaos,

χιλίους μὲν ἱππέας, δισχιλίους δὲ πελταστάς.
one thousand horsemen, and two thousand peltasts.

[4] χάριν δὲ τούτων εἰδὼς Ἀγησίλαος τῷ Σπιθριδάτῃ,
Being grateful to Spithradtes for this, Agesilaos [said]:

Εἰπέ μοι, ἔφη, ὦ Σπιθριδάτα, οὐκ ἂν δοίης Ὄτυϊ τὴν θυγατέρα;
“Tell me Spithradates, would you not give your daughter to Otys?”

Πολύ γε, ἔφη, μᾶλλον ἢ ἐκεῖνος ἂν λάβοι φυγάδος ἀνδρὸς βασιλεύων πολλῆς καὶ χώρας καὶ δυνάμεως.
“Of course,” he said, “rather than he, a man ruling many lands and powers, might take an exile.

τότε μὲν οὖν ταῦτα μόνον ἐρρήθη περὶ τοῦ γάμου.
Thus then, nothing more (“only this” – ταῦτα μόνον) was said about the marriage.

[5] ἐπεὶ δὲ Ὄτυς ἔμελλεν ἀπιέναι,
But when Otys was about to leave,

ἦλθε πρὸς τὸν Ἀγησίλαον ἀσπασόμενος:
he came to Agesilaos, embracing him:

ἤρξατο δὲ λόγου ὁ Ἀγησίλαος παρόντων τῶν τριάκοντα,
Agesilaos began to converse with him, in the presence of his thirty Spartan nobles,

μεταστησάμενος τὸν Σπιθριδάτην:
but removed from Spithradates:

[6] Λέξον μοι, ἔφη, ὦ Ὄτυ, ποίου τινὸς γένους ἐστὶν ὁ Σπιθριδάτης;
“Tell me,” he said, “Otys, of what sort of family is Spithradates?”

ὁ δ᾽ εἶπεν ὅτι Περσῶν οὐδενὸς ἐνδεέστερος.
He (O.) said that of the Persians, he was inferior (ἐνδεέστερος) to no one.

Τὸν δὲ υἱόν, ἔφη, ἑόρακας αὐτοῦ ὡς καλός ἐστι;
“About his son,” he (A.) said,” have you noticed (ἑόρακας) how handsome he is?”

Τί δ᾽ οὐ μέλλω; καὶ γὰρ ἑσπέρας συνεδείπνουν αὐτῷ.
“Certainly. For I dined with him last evening.”

Τούτου μέν φασι τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτῷ καλλίονα εἶναι.
“It is said that his daughter is better-looking than him [the son].”

[7] Νὴ Δί᾽, ἔφη ὁ Ὄτυς, καλὴ γάρ ἐστι.
“By Zeus,” said Otys, “she is beautiful.”

Καὶ ἐγὼ μέν, ἔφη, ἐπεὶ φίλος ἡμῖν γεγένησαι,
“And I,” he (A.) said, “since you have become a friend of ours,

συμβουλεύοιμ᾽ ἄν σοι τὴν παῖδα ἄγεσθαι γυναῖκα,
“would advise you to take the young woman as your wife,

καλλίστην μὲν οὖσαν, οὗ τί ἀνδρὶ ἥδιον;
“being beautiful, and what is more pleasing to a husband?

πατρὸς δ᾽ εὐγενεστάτου, δύναμιν δ᾽ ἔχοντος τοσαύτην,
“while also having a most well-born father, who has such power,

ὃς ὑπὸ Φαρναβάζου ἀδικηθεὶς οὕτω τιμωρεῖται αὐτὸν ὥστε φυγάδα πάσης τῆς χώρας, ὡς ὁρᾷς, πεποίηκεν.
“who when wronged by Pharnabazos, in this way punished him, having made him (Ph.) an exile from all his territory, as you see.”

[8] εὖ ἴσθι μέντοι, ἔφη, ὅτι ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνον ἐχθρὸν ὄντα δύναται τιμωρεῖσθαι,
“Indeed, you should know well,” he said, “that just as he is able to punish that one, being an enemy,

οὕτω καὶ φίλον ἄνδρα εὐεργετεῖν δύναιτο.
“thus also he would be able to be a benefactor to a friend.

νόμιζε δὲ τούτων πραχθέντων μὴ ἐκεῖνον ἄν σοι μόνον κηδεστὴν εἶναι,
“And believe (me), if you do these things, not only would you be a connection, “like family” (κηδεστὴν – in-law) of his,

ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐμὲ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους Λακεδαιμονίους,
“but also me and the other Lacedaimonians,

ἡμῶν δ᾽ ἡγουμένων τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ τὴν ἄλλην Ἑλλάδα.
“and by our leadership of Greece, the rest of Greece.

[9] καὶ μὴν μεγαλειοτέρως γε σοῦ, εἰ ταῦτα πράττοις, τίς ἄν ποτε γήμειε;
“And more magnificently than you, if you do this, who might wed/have a wedding?

ποίαν γὰρ νύμφην πώποτε τοσοῦτοι ἱππεῖς καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ ὁπλῖται προύπεμψαν
“For what woman might ever have so many horsemen, peltasts, and hoplites in her procession

ὅσοι τὴν σὴν γυναῖκα εἰς τὸν σὸν οἶκον προπέμψειαν ἄν;
“as those who might accompany this woman into your house?”

[10] καὶ ὁ Ὄτυς ἐπήρετο: Δοκοῦντα δ᾽, ἔφη, ὦ Ἀγησίλαε, ταῦτα καὶ Σπιθριδάτῃ λέγεις;
And Otys replied, “Does it seem, Agesilaos, that Spithridates also says this?”

Μὰ τοὺς θεούς, ἔφη ὁ Ἀγησίλαος, ἐκεῖνος μὲν ἐμέ γε οὐκ ἐκέλευσε ταῦτα λέγειν:
“By the gods,” said Agesilaos, “he certainly did not urge me to say this:

ἐγὼ μέντοι, καίπερ ὑπερχαίρων, ὅταν ἐχθρὸν τιμωρῶμαι,
“Certainly, while I rejoice when wreaking vengeance on an enemy,

πολὺ μᾶλλόν μοι δοκῶ ἥδεσθαι, ὅταν τι τοῖς φίλοις ἀγαθὸν ἐξευρίσκω.
“very much more seems gratifying to me, when I find out something good for my friends.”

[11] Τί οὖν, ἔφη, οὐ πυνθάνῃ εἰ καὶ ἐκείνῳ βουλομένῳ ταῦτ᾽ ἐστί;
“Why then,” said O., “do you not inquire if he (Sp.) also would want this?”

καὶ ὁ Ἀγησίλαος: Ἴτ᾽, ἔφη, ὑμεῖς, ὦ Ἡριππίδα, καὶ διδάσκετε αὐτὸν βουληθῆναι ἅπερ ἡμεῖς.
And Agesilaos said, “Herippides, go you, and persuade him to desire what we do.”

[12] οἱ μὲν δὴ ἀναστάντες ἐδίδασκον.
Standing up, they told him.

ἐπεὶ δὲ διέτριβον,
and when they had spent some time (with Sp.),

Βούλει, ἔφη, ὦ Ὄτυ, καὶ ἡμεῖς δεῦρο καλέσωμεν αὐτόν;
“Do you wish,” he (A) said, “Otys, that we summon him hither?”

Πολύ γ᾽ ἂν οἶμαι μᾶλλον ὑπὸ σοῦ πεισθῆναι αὐτὸν ἢ ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων.
“I believe he would be much more likely persuaded by you, than by all these others.”

ἐκ τούτου δὴ ἐκάλει ὁ Ἀγησίλαος τὸν Σπιθριδάτην τε καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους.
At this, Agesilaos called in both Spithradates and the others.

[13] προσιόντων δ᾽ εὐθὺς εἶπεν ὁ Ἡριππίδας:
Immediately coming in, Herippides said:

Τὰ μὲν ἄλλα, ὦ Ἀγησίλαε, τὰ ῥηθέντα τί ἄν τις μακρολογοίη;
“Why would one make a long harangue about what was said?

τέλος δὲ λέγει Σπιθριδάτης πᾶν ποιεῖν ἂν ἡδέως ὅ τι σοι δοκοίη.
“In short, Spithridates would gladly do all that you think best.”

[14] Ἐμοὶ μὲν τοίνυν, ἔφη, δοκεῖ, ὁ Ἀγησίλαος, σὲ μέν, ὦ Σπιθριδάτα, τύχῃ ἀγαθῇ διδόναι Ὄτυϊ τὴν θυγατέρα, σὲ δὲ λαμβάνειν.
Agesilaos replied, “For me it seems, that you, Spithridates, in good fortune, give Otys your daughter, and you (Otys) take her.

τὴν μέντοι παῖδα πρὸ ἦρος οὐκ ἂν δυναίμεθα πεζῇ ἀγαγεῖν.
Indee, might we not have the girl brought before spring.

Ἀλλὰ ναὶ μὰ Δί᾽, ἔφη ὁ Ὄτυς, κατὰ θάλατταν ἤδη ἂν πέμποιτο, εἰ σὺ βούλοιο.
“But rather … by Zeus,” said Otys, “she could be sent by sea right now, if you wish.”

[15] ἐκ τούτου δεξιὰς δόντες καὶ λαβόντες ἐπὶ τούτοις ἀπέπεμπον τὸν Ὄτυν.
Thereupon, taking and giving right hands on these matters, they sent away Otys.

[6] οὕτω δὲ γιγνωσκούσης τῆς πόλεως τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων φρουρὰν μὲν οἱ ἔφοροι ἔφαινον,
Thus understanding the city of the Lacedaimonians, the ephors declared war,

Λύσανδρον δ᾽ ἐξέπεμψαν εἰς Φωκέας καὶ ἐκέλευσαν αὐτούς τε τοὺς Φωκέας ἄγοντα παρεῖναι καὶ Οἰταίους καὶ Ἡρακλεώτας καὶ Μηλιέας καὶ Αἰνιᾶνας εἰς Ἁλίαρτον.
and they sent Lysander into Phocis and ordered him to bring to Haliartos those Phocians who were present, as well as the Oitaens and the Heracleots and the Malians and the Ainianians.

ἐκεῖσε δὲ καὶ Παυσανίας, ὅσπερ ἔμελλεν ἡγεῖσθαι,
and thence also Pausanias, as he was about to take command,

συνετίθετο παρέσεσθαι εἰς ῥητὴν ἡμέραν,
agreed to appear on the appointed day,

ἔχων Λακεδαιμονίους τε καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους Πελοποννησίους.
with both the Lacedaimonians and the other Peloponnesians.

καὶ ὁ μὲν Λύσανδρος τά τε ἄλλα τὰ κελευόμενα ἔπραττε καὶ προσέτι Ὀρχομενίους ἀπέστησε Θηβαίων.
And Lysander carried out both his other orders, and besides caused the Ochomenians to revolt against the Thebans.

[7] ὁ δὲ Παυσανίας, ἐπεὶ τὰ διαβατήρια ἐγένετο αὐτῷ,
Pausanias, when he got favorable omens for passage,

καθεζόμενος ἐν Τεγέᾳ τούς τε ξεναγοὺς διέπεμπε καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν περιοικίδων στρατιώτας περιέμενεν.
taking up position (καθεζόμενος) in Tegea, sent across/ahead his officers, but waited for the perioikioi solders.

ἐπεί γε μὴν δῆλον τοῖς Θηβαίοις ἐγένετο ὅτι ἐμβαλοῖεν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν,
And when it became clear to the Thebans that the Lacedaimonians would invade their territory,

πρέσβεις ἔπεμψαν Ἀθήναζε λέγοντας τοιάδε.
they sent ambassadors to Athens, saying the following.

[8] ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἃ μὲν μέμφεσθε ἡμῖν ὡς ψηφισαμένων χαλεπὰ περὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ καταλύσει τοῦ πολέμου,
“O men of Athens, what you reproach us for, having voted harsh measures against you at the end of the war,

οὐκ ὀρθῶς μέμφεσθε:
you are not correct in this reproach:

οὐ γὰρ ἡ πόλις ἐκεῖνα ἐψηφίσατο,
for the city did not vote this,

ἀλλ᾽ εἷς ἀνὴρ εἶπεν,
but one man proposed,

ὃς ἔτυχε τότε ἐν τοῖς συμμάχοις καθήμενος.
who at that time happened to be sitting among the allies.

ὅτε δὲ παρεκάλουν ἡμᾶς οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἐπὶ τὸν Πειραιᾶ,
And when the Lacedaimonians summoned us against Piraeus,

τότε ἅπασα ἡ πόλις ἀπεψηφίσατο μὴ συστρατεύειν αὐτοῖς.
then the entire city voted not to campaign with them.

δι᾽ ὑμᾶς οὖν οὐχ ἥκιστα ὀργιζομένων ἡμῖν τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων,
Thus, not least because of you, the Lacedaimonians are angry with us,

δίκαιον εἶναι νομίζομεν βοηθεῖν ὑμᾶς τῇ πόλει ἡμῶν.
we think it just for you to aid our city.

[9] πολὺ δ᾽ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἀξιοῦμεν, ὅσοι τῶν ἐν ἄστει ἐγένεσθε,

προθύμως ἐπὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἰέναι.

ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ καταστήσαντες ὑμᾶς εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν καὶ εἰς ἔχθραν τῷ δήμῳ, ἀφικόμενοι πολλῇ δυνάμει ὡς ὑμῖν σύμμαχοι παρέδοσαν ὑμᾶς τῷ πλήθει: ὥστε τὸ μὲν ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνοις εἶναι ἀπολώλατε, ὁ δὲ δῆμος οὑτοσὶ ὑμᾶς ἔσωσε.

[10] καὶ μὴν ὅτι μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, βούλοισθ᾽ ἂν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἣν πρότερον ἐκέκτησθε ἀναλαβεῖν πάντες ἐπιστάμεθα: τοῦτο δὲ πῶς μᾶλλον εἰκὸς γενέσθαι ἢ εἰ αὐτοὶ τοῖς ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνων ἀδικουμένοις βοηθοῖτε; ὅτι δὲ πολλῶν ἄρχουσι, μὴ φοβηθῆτε, ἀλλὰ πολὺ μᾶλλον διὰ τοῦτο θαρρεῖτε, ἐνθυμούμενοι ὅτι καὶ ὑμεῖς ὅτε πλείστων ἤρχετε, τότε πλείστους ἐχθροὺς ἐκέκτησθε. ἀλλ᾽ ἕως μὲν οὐκ εἶχον ὅποι ἀποσταῖεν, ἔκρυπτον τὴν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔχθραν: ἐπεὶ δέ γε Λακεδαιμόνιοι προύστησαν, τότε ἔφηναν οἷα περὶ ὑμῶν ἐγίγνωσκον.

[1] ὁ μέντοι Τιθραύστης, καταμαθεῖν δοκῶν τὸν Ἀγησίλαον καταφρονοῦντα τῶν βασιλέως πραγμάτων
However, Tithraustes, thinking to have found out (καταμαθεῖν δοκῶν) that Agesilaos despised the king’s power

καὶ οὐδαμῇ διανοούμενον ἀπιέναι ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας,
and in no way contemplated leaving Asia,

ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ἐλπίδας ἔχοντα μεγάλας αἱρήσειν βασιλέα,
but rather held great hopes to take from the king,

ἀπορῶν τί χρῷτο τοῖς πράγμασι,
(T.) being perplexed about what to do about these troubles,

πέμπει Τιμοκράτην τὸν Ῥόδιον εἰς Ἑλλάδα,
sent Timocrates the Rhodian to Greece,

δοὺς χρυσίον εἰς πεντήκοντα τάλαντα ἀργυρίου,
giving him, in gold, about fifty silver talents,

καὶ κελεύει πειρᾶσθαι πιστὰ τὰ μέγιστα λαμβάνοντα διδόναι τοῖς προεστηκόσιν
and ordered him to try, on getting the strongest assurances, to give to those governments

ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε πόλεμον ἐξοίσειν πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους.
in the cities, upon the condition they would wage war against the Lacedaimonians.

ἐκεῖνος δ᾽ ἐλθὼν δίδωσιν ἐν Θήβαις μὲν Ἀνδροκλείδᾳ τε καὶ Ἰσμηνίᾳ καὶ Γαλαξιδώρῳ,
He went (to Greece) and gave, in Thebes to Androcleides, Ismenias, and Galaxidoros,

ἐν Κορίνθῳ δὲ Τιμολάῳ τε καὶ Πολυάνθει,
in Corinth, to Timolaos and Polyanthes,

ἐν Ἄργει δὲ Κύλωνί τε καὶ τοῖς μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ.
and in Argos, to Kylon and his followers.

[2] Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ καὶ οὐ μεταλαβόντες τούτου τοῦ χρυσίου ὅμως πρόθυμοι ἦσαν εἰς τὸν πόλεμον,
But the Athenians, while not getting a share of this gold, nevertheless were enthused about the war,

νομίζοντές τε αὐτῶν ἄρχεσθαι.
believing leadership would fall to them.

οἱ μὲν δὴ δεξάμενοι τὰ χρήματα εἰς τὰς οἰκείας πόλεις διέβαλλον τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους:
And then, those accepting the money defamed the Lacedaimonians in their home cities:

ἐπεὶ δὲ ταύτας εἰς μῖσος αὐτῶν προήγαγον,
and when they brought them (their citizens) into hatred of them (the Lacedaimonians),

συνίστασαν καὶ τὰς μεγίστας πόλεις πρὸς ἀλλήλας.
gathered the largest cities together with each other.

[3] γιγνώσκοντες δὲ οἱ ἐν ταῖς Θήβαις προεστῶτες ὅτι εἰ μή τις ἄρξει πολέμου,
But those of the leading men in Thebes, understanding that unless someone began a war,

οὐκ ἐθελήσουσιν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι λύειν τὰς σπονδὰς πρὸς τοὺς συμμάχους,
the Lacedaimonians would not want to break the treaty with their allies,

πείθουσι Λοκροὺς τοὺς Ὀπουντίους,
urged/persuaded the Opuntian Locrians,

ἐκ τῆς ἀμφισβητησίμου χώρας Φωκεῦσί τε καὶ ἑαυτοῖς,
from the disputed territory between the Phocians and themselves,

χρήματα τελέσαι,
to levy taxes,

νομίζοντες τοὺς Φωκέας τούτου γενομένου ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τὴν Λοκρίδα.
thinking that the Phocians, if this was done, would invade Locria.

καὶ οὐκ ἐψεύσθησαν,
And they were not disappointed,

ἀλλ᾽ εὐθὺς οἱ Φωκεῖς ἐμβαλόντες εἰς τὴν Λοκρίδα πολλαπλάσια χρήματα ἔλαβον.
but immediately the Phocians, invading Locria, took many times more money.

[4] οἱ οὖν περὶ τὸν Ἀνδροκλείδαν ταχὺ ἔπεισαν τοὺς Θηβαίους βοηθεῖν τοῖς Λοκροῖς,
Thus the followers of Androcleides promptly urged the Thebans to aid the Locrians,

ὡς οὐκ εἰς τὴν ἀμφισβητήσιμον,
as not into the disputed (land),

ἀλλ᾽ εἰς τὴν ὁμολογουμένην φίλην τε καὶ σύμμαχον εἶναι Λοκρίδα ἐμβεβληκότων αὐτῶν.
but invaded into Locris, an agreed friend and ally of theirs.

ἐπεὶ δὲ οἱ Θηβαῖοι ἀντεμβαλόντες εἰς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐδῄουν τὴν χώραν,
When the Thebans counter-attacked into Phocia, and laid waste (ἐδῄουν) the land,

εὐθὺς οἱ Φωκεῖς πέμπουσι πρέσβεις εἰς Λακεδαίμονα καὶ ἠξίουν βοηθεῖν αὑτοῖς,
immediately the Phocians send ambassadors to Lacedaimon and asked for help from them,

διδάσκοντες ὡς οὐκ ἤρξαντο πολέμου,
telling them that they did not start the war,

ἀλλ᾽ ἀμυνόμενοι ἦλθον ἐπὶ τοὺς Λοκρούς.
but in self-defense had gone against the Locrians.

[5] οἱ μέντοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἄσμενοι ἔλαβον πρόφασιν στρατεύειν ἐπὶ τοὺς Θηβαίους,
Certainly the Lacedaimonians were glad to get an excuse to attack the Thebans,

πάλαι ὀργιζόμενοι αὐτοῖς
long angry with them

τῆς τε ἀντιλήψεως τῆς τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος δεκάτης ἐν Δεκελείᾳ
both (because) they laid claim to Apollo’s tithe in Decelea

καὶ τοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν Πειραιᾶ μὴ ἐθελῆσαι ἀκολουθῆσαι.
and (because) they did not wish to follow them against Piraeus.

ᾐτιῶντο δ᾽ αὐτοὺς καὶ Κορινθίους πεῖσαι μὴ συστρατεύειν.
And they accused them of also persuading the Corinthians not to campaign.

ἀνεμιμνῄσκοντο δὲ καὶ ὡς
And they also remembered (the Thebans)

θύειν τ᾽ ἐν Αὐλίδι τὸν Ἀγησίλαον οὐκ εἴων
not permitting Agesilaos to sacrifice in Aulis

καὶ τὰ τεθυμένα ἱερὰ ὡς ἔρριψαν ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ
and snatching the sacrificial victims from the altar

καὶ ὅτι οὐδ᾽ εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν Ἀγησιλάῳ συνεστράτευον.
and that none of them campaigned with Agesilaos in Asia.

ἐλογίζοντο δὲ καὶ καλὸν καιρὸν εἶναι τοῦ ἐξάγειν στρατιὰν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς
They also reasoned this to be a good opportunity to lead an army against them (the Thebans)

καὶ παῦσαι τῆς εἰς αὐτοὺς ὕβρεως:
and put a stop to their arrogance towards them:

τά τε γὰρ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ καλῶς σφίσιν ἔχειν, κρατοῦντος Ἀγησιλάου,
for both the affairs in Asia were good for them, thanks to Agesilaos’ victory,

καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι οὐδένα ἄλλον πόλεμον ἐμποδὼν σφίσιν εἶναι.
and in Greece there was no other war to hinder them.

[25] ὅτε δ᾽ αὕτη ἡ μάχη ἐγένετο,
When this battle took place,

Τισσαφέρνης ἐν Σάρδεσιν ἔτυχεν ὤν:
Tissaphernes was in Sardis:

ὥστε ᾐτιῶντο οἱ Πέρσαι προδεδόσθαι ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ.
so that the Persians accused him of abandoning (the army).

γνοὺς δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Περσῶν βασιλεὺς Τισσαφέρνην αἴτιον εἶναι τοῦ κακῶς φέρεσθαι τὰ ἑαυτοῦ,
and the Persian king himself, thinking Tissaphernes to be responsible for the bad turn of his affairs,

Τιθραύστην καταπέμψας ἀποτέμνει αὐτοῦ τὴν κεφαλήν.
dispatched Tithraustes to cut off his head.

τοῦτο δὲ ποιήσας ὁ Τιθραύστης πέμπει πρὸς τὸν Ἀγησίλαον πρέσβεις λέγοντας:
This done, Tithraustes sent ambassadors to Agesilaos saying:

Ὦ Ἀγησίλαε, ὁ μὲν αἴτιος τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ ὑμῖν καὶ ἡμῖν ἔχει τὴν δίκην:
“O, Agesilaos, the one responsible for these troubles of yours and ours has been punished:

βασιλεὺς δὲ ἀξιοῖ σὲ μὲν ἀποπλεῖν οἴκαδε,
So the King would think it fit that you sail homewards,

τὰς δ᾽ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ πόλεις αὐτονόμους οὔσας τὸν ἀρχαῖον δασμὸν αὐτῷ ἀποφέρειν.
and the cities in Asia be autonomous, paying him the customary tribute.”

[26] ἀποκριναμένου δὲ τοῦ Ἀγησιλάου ὅτι οὐκ ἂν ποιήσειε ταῦτα ἄνευ τῶν οἴκοι τελῶν,
Agesilaos replied that he could not do this without the authorities at home,

Σὺ δ᾽ ἀλλά, ἕως ἂν πύθῃ τὰ παρὰ τῆς πόλεως,
“But you, until you hear about this from the city (Sparta),

μεταχώρησον, ἔφη, εἰς τὴν Φαρναβάζου,
could withdraw, he (T.) said, into Pharnabazos’ domain,

ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἐγὼ τὸν σὸν ἐχθρὸν τετιμώρημαι.
since I have punished your enemy.”

Ἕως ἂν τοίνυν, ἔφη ὁ Ἀγησίλαος, ἐκεῖσε πορεύωμαι,
“Well then,” said Agesilaos, “until I get there,

δίδου δὴ τῇ στρατιᾷ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια.
give me provisions for the army.”

ἐκείνῳ μὲν δὴ ὁ Τιθραύστης δίδωσι τριάκοντα τάλαντα:
For this (purpose) then Tithrausttes gave (him) thirty talents:

ὁ δὲ λαβὼν ᾔει ἐπὶ τὴν Φαρναβάζου Φρυγίαν.
and he, taking (the money) went up to Pharnabazos’ Phrygia.

[27] ὄντι δ᾽ αὐτῷ
And when he was

ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τῷ ὑπὲρ Κύμης
in the plain beyond Kyme

ἔρχεται
there came (orders)

ἀπὸ τῶν οἴκοι τελῶν
from the authorities at home

ἄρχειν καὶ τοῦ ναυτικοῦ ὅπως γιγνώσκοι
to command also the navy however he thought (best)

καὶ καταστήσασθαι ναύαρχον ὅντινα αὐτὸς βούλοιτο.
and to appoint nauarch whoever he might wish.

τοῦτο δ᾽ ἐποίησαν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοιῷδε λογισμῷ,
And the Lacedaimonians did this, by the following reasoning,

ὡς, εἰ ὁ αὐτὸς ἀμφοτέρων ἄρχοι,
if he himself were to command both,

τό τε πεζὸν πολὺ ἂν ἰσχυρότερον εἶναι,
both the infantry would be very much stronger,

καθ᾽ ἓν οὔσης τῆς ἰσχύος ἀμφοτέροις,
the strength of both being under one man,

τό τε ναυτικόν, ἐπιφαινομένου τοῦ πεζοῦ ἔνθα δέοι.
and (so would) the navy, by the appearance of the infantry where needed.

[28] ἀκούσας δὲ ταῦτα ὁ Ἀγησίλαος,
Hearing this, Agesilaos,

πρῶτον μὲν ταῖς πόλεσι παρήγγειλε ταῖς ἐν ταῖς νήσοις καὶ ταῖς ἐπιθαλαττιδίοις
first passed orders for the cities on the islands and on the coast (of Asia Minor)

τριήρεις ποιεῖσθαι ὁπόσας ἑκάστη βούλοιτο τῶν πόλεων.
to build triremes, as many as each of the cities wanted.

καὶ ἐγένοντο καιναί,
and they dedicated (launched)

ἐξ ὧν αἵ τε πόλεις ἐπηγγείλαντο καὶ οἱ ἰδιῶται ἐποιοῦντο χαρίζεσθαι βουλόμενοι,
from the cities so instructed and from those persons wishing to express gratitude,

εἰς εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν.
about one hundred and twenty.

[29] Πείσανδρον δὲ τὸν τῆς γυναικὸς ἀδελφὸν ναύαρχον κατέστησε,
And he appointed Peisandros, the brother of his wife, nauarch,

φιλότιμον μὲν καὶ ἐρρωμένον τὴν ψυχήν,
on the one hand, ambitious and stoutly spirited,

ἀπειρότερον δὲ τοῦ παρασκευάζεσθαι ὡς δεῖ.
but inexperienced in the operations as was needed.

καὶ Πείσανδρος μὲν ἀπελθὼν τὰ ναυτικὰ ἔπραττεν:
And Peisandros, on his arrival, managed the navy;

ὁ δ᾽ Ἀγησίλαος, ὥσπερ ὥρμησεν, ἐπὶ τὴν Φρυγίαν ἐπορεύετο.
while Agesilaos, as he had started, went up to Phrygia.

[21] ὁ μέντοι Τισσαφέρνης ταῦτα μὲν ἐνόμισε λέγειν αὐτὸν πάλιν βουλόμενον ἐξαπατῆσαι,
However Tissaphernes thought that he (A.) was saying this (because) he again wanted to deceive him,

εἰς Καρίαν δὲ νῦν τῷ ὄντι ἐμβαλεῖν,
and now really (τῷ ὄντι ) would invade Caria,

καὶ τό τε πεζὸν καθάπερ τὸ πρόσθεν εἰς Καρίαν διεβίβασε
and his infantry just as before he sent across into Caria

καὶ τὸ ἱππικὸν εἰς τὸ Μαιάνδρου πεδίον κατέστησεν.
and his cavalry stationed in the Maiandros plain.

ὁ δ᾽ Ἀγησίλαος οὐκ ἐψεύσατο,
Agesilaos was not deceving,

ἀλλ᾽ ὥσπερ προεῖπεν εὐθὺς εἰς τὸν Σαρδιανὸν τόπον ἐνέβαλε.
but just as he announced, immediately moved into the land (around) Sardia.

καὶ τρεῖς μὲν ἡμέρας δι᾽ ἐρημίας πολεμίων πορευόμενος πολλὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ στρατιᾷ εἶχε,
and for three days traveling through (territory) devoid of the enemy, had many provisions for the army,

τῇ δὲ τετάρτῃ ἧκον οἱ τῶν πολεμίων ἱππεῖς.
but on the fourth (day) the enemy cavalry came up.

[22] καὶ τῷ μὲν ἄρχοντι τῶν σκευοφόρων εἶπε διαβάντι τὸν Πακτωλὸν ποταμὸν στρατοπεδεύεσθαι,
And he (A.) told the leader of the baggage-train to cross the Pactolus river (and) pitch camp,

αὐτοὶ δὲ κατιδόντες τοὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀκολούθους ἐσπαρμένους εἰς ἁρπαγὴν πολλοὺς αὐτῶν ἀπέκτειναν.
but they (Persian cavalry), seeing the Greek camp-followers (ἀκολούθους) scattering for plunder, killed many of them.

αἰσθόμενος δὲ Ἀγησίλαος, βοηθεῖν ἐκέλευσε τοὺς ἱππέας.
Seeing this, Agesilaos ordered his cavalry to help them.

οἱ δ᾽ αὖ Πέρσαι ὡς εἶδον τὴν βοήθειαν,
And the Persians, seeing the rescue,

ἡθροίσθησαν καὶ ἀντιπαρετάξαντο παμπλήθεσι τῶν ἱππέων τάξεσιν.
gathered and formed up a large number of their cavalry units.

[23] ἔνθα δὴ ὁ Ἀγησίλαος γιγνώσκων ὅτι τοῖς μὲν πολεμίοις οὔπω παρείη τὸ πεζόν,
Then/when Agesilaos realizing that the infantry of the enemy was not yet at hand,

αὐτῷ δὲ οὐδὲν ἀπείη τῶν παρεσκευασμένων,
but of his own, not one was missing from his army,

(Another typical use of μὲν / δὲ. τοῖς μὲν πολεμίοις is in the dative, “of the enemy.” So, the first thought pertains to something ‘of the enemy.’ Ah … the enemy’s infantry is not present. Now αὐτῷ δὲ .. “of his own” also in the dative case. So, we know that, because of the parallelism of / μὲνδὲ, that second phrase (αὐτῷ δὲ οὐδὲν ἀπείη τῶν παρεσκευασμένων) refers to Agesilaos’ own infantry. Putting it together, the reader knows that 1) the Persian infantry is absent, 2) Agesilaos’ infantry is present … so …)

καιρὸν ἡγήσατο μάχην συνάψαι, εἰ δύναιτο.
he believed (this was) the opportune moment (καιρὸν) to join battle (μάχην συνάψαι), if he could.

σφαγιασάμενος οὖν τὴν μὲν φάλαγγα εὐθὺς ἦγεν ἐπὶ τοὺς παρατεταγμένους ἱππέας,
Thus sacrificing, he immediately led his phalanx against the cavalry formation,

ἐκ δὲ τῶν ὁπλιτῶν ἐκέλευσε τὰ δέκα ἀφ᾽ ἥβης θεῖν ὁμόσε αὐτοῖς,
and he ordered the younger men (τὰ δέκα ἀφ᾽ ἥβης – the decade since coming-of-age) of the hoplites to run to close quarters with the enemy,

τοῖς δὲ πελτασταῖς εἶπε δρόμῳ ὑφηγεῖσθαι.
and he told the peltasts to lead on at a run.

παρήγγειλε δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἱππεῦσιν ἐμβάλλειν,
And he also passed the word for the cavalry to attack,

ὡς αὐτοῦ τε καὶ παντὸς τοῦ στρατεύματος ἑπομένου.
in the assurance that (ὡς) he and the entire army followed.

[24] τοὺς μὲν δὴ ἱππέας ἐδέξαντο οἱ Πέρσαι:
While the Persians withstood the cavalry:

ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἅμα πάντα τὰ δεινὰ παρῆν, ἐνέκλιναν,
but as soon as the full force came up, they gave way,

καὶ οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν εὐθὺς ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ ἔπεσον, οἱ δ᾽ ἄλλοι ἔφευγον.
and some of them were immediately struck down in the river, and the rest fled.

οἱ δ᾽ Ἕλληνες ἐπακολουθοῦντες αἱροῦσι καὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον αὐτῶν.
The Greeks, following hard upon, also took their camp.

καὶ οἱ μὲν πελτασταί, ὥσπερ εἰκός, εἰς ἁρπαγὴν ἐτράποντο:
And the peltasts, as might be expected, turned to looting:

ὁ δ᾽ Ἀγησίλαος κύκλῳ πάντα καὶ φίλια καὶ πολέμια περιεστρατοπεδεύσατο.
But Agesilaos encamped in a circle both friends and foes.

(to prevent unauthorized looting by the peltasts)

καὶ ἄλλα τε πολλὰ χρήματα ἐλήφθη,
And while much other property was captured,

ἃ ηὗρε πλέον ἢ ἑβδομήκοντα τάλαντα,
which fetched more than seventy talents,

καὶ αἱ κάμηλοι δὲ τότε ἐλήφθησαν,
at this time the camels were also taken,

ἃς Ἀγησίλαος εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀπήγαγεν.
which Agesilaos brought back to Greece.

[17] ἀξίαν δὲ καὶ ὅλην τὴν πόλιν ἐν ᾗ ἦν [τὴν Ἔφεσον] θέας ἐποίησεν:
And he made ‘noteworthy’ (ἀξίαν) the entire city in which he was staying (θέας):

ἥ τε γὰρ ἀγορὰ ἦν μεστὴ παντοδαπῶν καὶ ἵππων καὶ ὅπλων ὠνίων,
for the agora was full of all kinds of horses and weapons being sold,

οἵ τε χαλκοτύποι καὶ οἱ τέκτονες καὶ οἱ χαλκεῖς καὶ οἱ σκυτοτόμοι καὶ οἱ ζωγράφοι πάντες πολεμικὰ ὅπλα κατεσκεύαζον,
and the copper-workers (χαλκοτύποι), carpenters (τέκτονες), smiths (χαλκεῖς) leather-cutters (σκυτοτόμοι), and painters (ζωγράφο) were all making warlike implements.

ὥστε τὴν πόλιν ὄντως οἴεσθαι πολέμου ἐργαστήριον εἶναι.
so that the city could be considered a military workshop.

[18] ἐπερρώσθη δ᾽ ἄν τις κἀκεῖνο ἰδών,
It was encouraging, for anyone to see this,

Ἀγησίλαον μὲν πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτας ἐστεφανωμένους
Agesilaos in the lead and then the other garlanded (with laurels from the contests) soldiers

ἀπὸ τῶν γυμνασίων ἀπιόντας
coming out of the gymnasia

καὶ ἀνατιθέντας τοὺς στεφάνους τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι.
and dedicating their garlands to Artemis.

ὅπου γὰρ ἄνδρες θεοὺς μὲν σέβοιντο,
For where men reverence the gods,

τὰ δὲ πολεμικὰ ἀσκοῖεν,
and practice military skills,

πειθαρχεῖν δὲ μελετῷεν,
and take care to be obedient,

πῶς οὐκ εἰκὸς ἐνταῦθα πάντα μεστὰ ἐλπίδων ἀγαθῶν εἶναι;
how (are those) there not likely to be entirely full of good hopes?

[19] ἡγούμενος δὲ καὶ τὸ καταφρονεῖν τῶν πολεμίων ῥώμην τινὰ ἐμβάλλειν πρὸς τὸ μάχεσθαι,
Believing that looking down on the enemy, (was) something to put in their minds of the army before the battle,

προεῖπε τοῖς κήρυξι τοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν λῃστῶν ἁλισκομένους βαρβάρους γυμνοὺς πωλεῖν.
he proclaimed by the heralds that those barbarians captured by the raiding-parties were to be sold naked.

ὁρῶντες οὖν οἱ στρατιῶται λευκοὺς μὲν διὰ τὸ μηδέποτε ἐκδύεσθαι,
Thus the soldiers seeing them white because of never having been stripped,

μαλακοὺς δὲ καὶ ἀπόνους διὰ τὸ ἀεὶ ἐπ᾽ ὀχημάτων εἶναι,
and soft and unworked because of always being on carriages,

ἐνόμισαν οὐδὲν διοίσειν τὸν πόλεμον ἢ εἰ γυναιξὶ δέοι μάχεσθαι.
they believed the war would be no different than if they had to fight women.

[20] ἐν δὲ τούτῳ τῷ χρόνῳ καὶ ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς ἤδη ἀφ᾽ οὗ ἐξέπλευσεν ὁ Ἀγησίλαος διεληλύθει,
At this time, (it was) already a year since Agesilaos had sailed out,

ὥστε οἱ μὲν περὶ Λύσανδρον τριάκοντα οἴκαδε ἀπέπλεον,
so that while the thirty of Lysander’s men had to sail away homeward,

διάδοχοι δ᾽ αὐτοῖς οἱ περὶ Ἡριππίδαν παρῆσαν.
their successors, Herippides’ men, arrived.

τούτων Ξενοκλέα μὲν καὶ ἄλλον ἔταξεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἱππέας,
Of these he (A.) assigned Xenocles and one other over the cavalry,

Σκύθην δὲ ἐπὶ τοὺς νεοδαμώδεις ὁπλίτας,
Skythenes over the freedmen hoplites,

Ἡριππίδαν δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοὺς Κυρείους,
Herippides over the veterans of Cyrus,

Μύγδωνα δὲ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων στρατιώτας,
Mygdonas over those soldiers from the cities,

καὶ προεῖπεν αὐτοῖς ὡς εὐθὺς ἡγήσοιτο τὴν συντομωτάτην ἐπὶ τὰ κράτιστα τῆς χώρας,
ὅπως αὐτόθεν οὕτω τὰ σώματα καὶ τὴν γνώμην παρασκευάζοιντο ὡς ἀγωνιούμενοι.

In Greek:

καὶ τὸν μὲν ἄλλον χρόνον ἀσφαλῶς διεπορεύετο:
And in other time(s) he traveled through safely:

οὐ πόρρω δ᾽ ὄντος Δασκυλείου,
being not from from Daskyleium,

προϊόντος αὐτοῦ οἱ ἱππεῖς ἤλαυνον ἐπὶ λόφον τινά,
the cavalry riding out in front, up to a certain hill,

ὡς προΐδοιεν τί τἄμπροσθεν εἴη.
to look forward at what might be in front (of them).

κατὰ τύχην δέ τινα καὶ οἱ τοῦ Φαρναβάζου ἱππεῖς
By chance also some of Pharnabazus cavalry,

οἱ περὶ Ῥαθίνην καὶ Βαγαῖον τὸν νόθον ἀδελφόν,
those of Rathines and Bagaios his bastard brother,

ὄντες παρόμοιοι τοῖς Ἕλλησι τὸν ἀριθμόν,
being the same in number as the Greeks,

πεμφθέντες ὑπὸ Φαρναβάζου ἤλαυνον καὶ οὗτοι ἐπὶ τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον λόφον.
sent by Pharnabazus, they rode out and also came to the very same hill.

ἰδόντες δὲ ἀλλήλους οὐδὲ τέτταρα πλέθρα ἀπέχοντας,
Seeing each other not four plethra (400 feet) apart,

τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἔστησαν ἀμφότεροι,
at first they ἔστησαν each other,

οἱ μὲν Ἕλληνες ἱππεῖς ὥσπερ φάλαγξ ἐπὶ τεττάρων παρατεταγμένοι,
The Greek horsemen formed four deep, like a phalanx,

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι τοὺς πρώτους οὐ πλέον ἢ εἰς δώδεκα ποιήσαντες,
while the barbarians made a front line not more than about twelve (wide),

τὸ βάθος δ᾽ ἐπὶ πολλῶν.
but a depth of many (men).

ἔπειτα μέντοι πρόσθεν ὥρμησαν οἱ βάρβαροι.
And then, however, the barbarians charged first.

14. ὡς δ᾽ εἰς χεῖρας ἦλθον,
They (the barbarians) came on, as to get close,

ὅσοι μὲν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔπαισάν τινας,
whoever of the Greeks struck someone(s),

πάντες συνέτριψαν τὰ δόρατα,
all broke (συνέτριψαν) their spears,

οἱ δὲ Πέρσαι κρανέϊνα παλτὰ ἔχοντες ταχὺ δώδεκα μὲν ἱππέας, δύο δ᾽ ἵππους ἀπέκτειναν.
but the Persians having cornel-wood (κρανέϊνα) javelins, quickly killed twelve of the horsemen and two of the horses.

ἐκ δὲ τούτου ἐτρέφθησαν οἱ Ἕλληνες ἱππεῖς.
At this, the Greek horsemen turned and fled.

βοηθήσαντος δὲ Ἀγησιλάου σὺν τοῖς ὁπλίταις,
But Agesilaos coming to their aid with the hoplites,

πάλιν ἀπεχώρουν οἱ βάρβαροι,
this time the barbarians pulled away

καὶ [Περσῶν] εἷς αὐτῶν ἀποθνῄσκει.
and one of them [Persians] was killed.

15. γενομένης δὲ ταύτης τῆς ἱππομαχίας,
This cavalry-battle happening,

θυομένῳ τῷ Ἀγησιλάῳ τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἐπὶ προόδῳ ἄλοβα γίγνεται τὰ ἱερά.
Agesilaos sacrificing the next day, with a view to an advance (ἐπὶ προόδῳ), ‘missing a lobe of the liver’ (ἄλοβα) were the sacrificial victims.

τούτου μέντοι φανέντος στρέψας ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ θάλατταν.
this sign having presented itself, he turned around and marched towards the sea.

γιγνώσκων δὲ ὅτι εἰ μὴ ἱππικὸν ἱκανὸν κτήσαιτο,
Realizing that unless he acquired a sufficient cavalry force,

οὐ δυνήσοιτο κατὰ τὰ πεδία στρατεύεσθαι,
he would not be able to campaign across the plains,

ἔγνω τοῦτο κατασκευαστέον εἶναι,
knowing that he must prepare for this,

ὡς μὴ δραπετεύοντα πολεμεῖν δέοι.
so that he would not have to wage “skulking” ( δραπετεύοντα – guerilla, ‘hit-and-run’) war.

καὶ τοὺς μὲν πλουσιωτάτους ἐκ πασῶν τῶν ἐκεῖ πόλεων ἱπποτροφεῖν κατέλεξε:
He enlisted (κατέλεξε) the richest men of the cities there to raising horses (ἱπποτροφεῖν):

προειπὼν δέ,
and proclaiming,

ὅστις παρέχοιτο ἵππον καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἄνδρα δόκιμον,
whoever might furnish a horse and armor and a competent man,

ὅτι ἐξέσται αὐτῷ μὴ στρατεύεσθαι,
that it would be possible for him (that one) not to campaign/serve,

ἐποίησεν οὕτω ταῦτα συντόμως πράττεσθαι
in this way he (A.) made these arrangements to be speedily effected

ὥσπερ ἄν τις τὸν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ ἀποθανούμενον προθύμως ζητοίη.
as when anyone enthusiastically seeks someone (else) to die for him.

16.
ἐκ δὲ τούτου ἐπειδὴ ἔαρ ὑπέφαινε,
At this, then, at the first appearance of spring,

συνήγαγε μὲν ἅπαν τὸ στράτευμα εἰς Ἔφεσον:
he gathered his entire army at Ephesus:

ἀσκῆσαι δ᾽ αὐτὸ βουλόμενος ἆθλα προύθηκε
wanting to train (the troops) he offered prizes

ταῖς τε ὁπλιτικαῖς τάξεσιν, ἥτις ἄριστα σωμάτων ἔχοι,
for the hoplites’ division, which might have the fittest bodies,

καὶ ταῖς ἱππικαῖς, ἥτις κράτιστα ἱππεύοι:
and for the cavalry, whichever the best horseanship:

καὶ πελτασταῖς δὲ καὶ τοξόταις ἆθλα προύθηκεν,
and for the peltasts and the archers he also set up contests,

ὅσοι κράτιστοι πρὸς τὰ προσήκοντα ἔργα φανεῖεν.
whoever showed themselves best in their respective duties.

ἐκ τούτου δὲ παρῆν ὁρᾶν
From that point one might have seen

τὰ μὲν γυμνάσια πάντα μεστὰ ἀνδρῶν τῶν γυμναζομένων,
all the gymnasia full of men exercising,

τὸν δ᾽ ἱππόδρομον τῶν ἱππαζομένων,
the hippodrome (full of men) running their horses,

τοὺς δὲ ἀκοντιστὰς καὶ τοὺς τοξότας μελετῶντας.
and the javelin-men and archers practicing.